观点：美联储新任主席沃什面临通胀与平衡特朗普降息压力双重挑战
ChainCatcher 消息，FOX 记者 Charles Gasparino 在 X 平台发文表示，新任美联储主席凯文·沃什上任伊始便面临通胀持续走高、来自特朗普的降息压力双重挑战。消费者通胀年化水平已升至 3.8%，为 2023 年 5 月以来最高，伊朗战争推高能源价格是主要推手。上周，批发价格涨幅更是超过消费端。周五，期货市场开始将年内加息纳入定价，此前押注降息的预期已基本消退。
沃什本人是坚定的通胀鹰派。他在 2011 年离开美联储担任学术职务后，曾多次在评论版撰文批评伯南克、耶伦和鲍威尔时代的“宽松货币”体制，力主通过更“克制”的政策收缩美联储资产负债表。他认为，美联储多年来的宽松政策正是当前通胀压力的根源。然而面对高通胀，他降息的空间极为有限。
与此同时，美联储利率决策委员会内部已不再铁板一块。被特朗普替换的前主席鲍威尔仍以理事身份保留投票权。鲍威尔表示，在针对其就美联储新总部建设成本国会证词的调查尘埃落定之前，他不会离开——而该调查正是特朗普发起的，此前一度拖延了沃什的任命进程。特朗普一边任命沃什，一边施压要求降息。
但沃什若遂其所愿，将与自身一贯倡导的政策立场形成直接矛盾。伊朗战争已进入第三个月，局势走向未明；一旦油价冲破每桶 200 美元，美国经济将面临类似 1970 年代“滞胀”的风险。
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